The Initial Enrollment Period (IEP) begins three months before your 65th birthday, lasts throughout the month of your birthday, and then for three months after that. So, you have seven months in total to complete the enrollment process. There is one exception to the above rule: If your birthday falls on the first day of the month, your IEP will begin one month earlier. Yes, you should apply for Medicare at age 65, even if you aren't claiming your Social Security benefits yet. In fact, you must apply for Medicare during this initial enrollment period. Otherwise, if you sign up later you will face higher premiums for the rest of your life. Only under very specific conditions can you delay enrollment without incurring a penalty.